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The Local Estimates Map provides estimates at the locality-level using Small Area Estimation (SAE) methodology. SAE methodology combines PRAMS survey responses with modeled estimates based on additional external data. This method generates more accurate and stable county-level estimates than the survey alone could produce. The PRAMS survey is not designed to produce reliable estimates at the locality level. Sample sizes for these geographic areas are typically too small to yield stable estimates of important maternal and child health indicators.
The Virginia PRAMS SAE approach uses multilevel regression with post-stratification (MRP) to produce both state and county-level estimates. These model-based estimates draw on PRAMS data (2016–2018), National Center for Health Statistics data, and U.S. Census Bureau information to create robust small-area predictions. For detailed methodology and technical specifications, please refer to the PRAMS SAE Guidelines document below the dashboard.
Currently, 2020-2021 combined years are the most recent local estimates data available. More information and definitions can be found in 'About the Data' below the dashboard. Use the dashboard filters to see changes by year and indicator. Hover over the map to view more information.
Data Sources:
- Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS): Provides population-based survey data on maternal behaviors, experiences, and health indicators before, during, and shortly after pregnancy.
- National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS): Used for modeling and generating small area estimates through the CDC Do we want these here (Census Bureau 2010)? This is in guidelines for SAE from CDC
- Census Bureau 2010: Used for county adjacency data to identify those adjacent counties for analysis
Health Measure Definitions:
- Breastfeeding for 2+ Months: Indicator displays the response of 2+ months or 8+ weeks to the question, “How many weeks or months did you breastfeed or feed pumped milk to your baby?”
- Contraception Utilization Before Pregnancy: Indicator displays the response of ‘Yes’ to the question, “When you got pregnant with your new baby, were you or your husband or partner doing anything to keep from getting pregnant?
- Dental Visit Before Pregnancy: Indicator displays the response of ‘Visit to have my teeth cleaned by a dentist or dental hygienist’ to the question, “What type of health care visit did you have in the 12 months before you got pregnant with your new baby?”
- Depression During Pregnancy: Indicator displays the response of ‘Depression’ to the question, “During your most recent pregnancy, did you have any of the following health conditions?”
- Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy: Indicator displays the response of ‘My husband or partner’ or ‘My ex-husband or ex-partner’ to the question, “During your most recent pregnancy, did any of the following people push, hit, slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way?”
- Postpartum Checkup: Indicator displays the response of ‘Yes’ to the question, “Since your new baby was born, have you had a postpartum checkup for yourself?”
- Postpartum Contraception Utilization: Indicator displays the response of ‘Yes’ to the question, “Are you or your husband or partner doing anything now to keep from getting pregnant?”
- Postpartum Depression: Indicator displays the response of ‘Always’ or ‘Often’ to either question, “Since your new baby was born, how often have you felt down, depressed, or hopeless?” or “Since your new baby was born, how often have you had little interest or little pleasure in doing things you usually enjoyed?”
- Postpartum Depression Screening: Indicator displays the response ‘Yes’ of ‘Asked me if I was feeling down or depressed’ to the question, “During your postpartum checkup, did a doctor, nurse, or other health care worker do any of the following things?”
- Safe Sleep Practices: Indicator displays the response of ‘On his or her back’ to the question, “In which one position do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now?”
Health Districts:
- BRHD: Blue Ridge Health District
- RCHD: Richmond City Health District
- ROV: Rest of Virginia
Other: Data are produced and processed from sources believed to be reliable and accurate at that point of time. No warranty expressed or implied is made regarding accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of any information. Additionally, not all data elements are reported at the source. Please see Virginia Code §32.1 for information on data mandated to be conveyed by the patient and/or facility. This disclaimer applies to both isolated and aggregate uses of the data. Unknown/Unreported variables are not displayed, but are included in the overall counts. Counts lower than 20 and their associated rates should be interpreted with caution.