PRAMS Health Measures

حمل کے خطرے کی تشخیص کی نگرانی کا نظام

Data Source: The dashboard combines data from two systems:

• Vital Events Statistics Program (Virginia Department of Health): Provides information on maternal race and ethnicity, region of residence, history of preterm birth, adequacy of prenatal care (Kotelchuck Index), WIC enrollment, and timing of prenatal care initiation. Live births are reported based on the mother’s residence at the time of birth, regardless of where the birth occurred.
• Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS): Provides population-based survey data on maternal behaviors, experiences, and health indicators before, during, and shortly after pregnancy.

Regions: PRAMS is a state-based survey. Currently, data can be only stratified by the two local health districts that the program oversamples, Richmond City Health District (RCHD) and Blue Ridge Health District (BRHD). As such, health measures may be presented as:

• بلیو رج ہیلتھ ڈسٹرکٹ
• رچمنڈ سٹی ہیلتھ ڈسٹرکٹ
• Rest of Virginia

Definitions:

• Kotelchuck Index (Adequacy of Prenatal Care Utilization): Based on when prenatal care began (initiation) and the number of visits received from initiation to delivery.
• Weighted Percentage: The weighted percent of Virginia mothers giving birth to live infants in 2023 (or 2018–2022) who responded Yes (or as indicated) to the survey question for the indicator.
• Weighted Population: The weighted number of Virginia mothers who responded Yes (or as indicated) to the survey question for the indicator.

Health Measures:

• Any disability before pregnancy: Indicator displays “Yes” responses to one or more items in Question 4 (a–f).
• Smoked three months before pregnancy: Indicator displays any response in Question 34 other than “I didn’t smoke then.”
• Smoked during last three months of pregnancy: Indicator displays any response in Question 35 other than “I don’t smoke now.”
• Used marijuana during pregnancy: Indicator displays any response in Question D3 other than “I didn’t use marijuana then.”
• Depression during pregnancy: Indicator displays a “Yes” response to “Depression” in Question 29.
  Note: The questionnaire changed from Phase 8 (2016–2022) to Phase 9. In Phase 8, the question asked, “During your most recent pregnancy, did you have any of the following health conditions?”. In Phase 9, the question changed to, “During your most recent pregnancy, did a healthcare provider tell you that you had any of the following health conditions?”. This change in wording affects the percentages reported beginning in 2023 and should be considered when interpreting trends.
• Three or more stressors during pregnancy: Indicator displays if 3 or more “Yes” responses to Question 43 (a–k) during the 12 months prior to birth.
• Discrimination during pregnancy: Indicator displays “Yes” responses in Question 79. Specifically, respondents are asked whether during prenatal care, delivery, or postpartum care they experienced discrimination or being “hassled or made to feel inferior” due to various reasons (e.g., race, language/accent).
• Food insecurity during pregnancy: Indicator displays “Often” or “Sometimes” responses to either of the two statements in Question 73:
  - “I worried whether my food would run out before I got money to buy more”
  - “The food that I bought just didn’t last, and I didn’t have money to get more”
• Dad contributes to basic needs: Indicator displays “Always” or “Often” for Question 82 (how often father/partner contributes money, food, clothing, shelter, or healthcare).
• Breastfeeding at time of survey: Indicator displays the response “I’m still breastfeeding or feeding pumped milk to my new baby” in Question 53.
• Breastfeeding initiation: Indicator displays any response in Question 53 other than “I didn’t breastfeed.”
• Postpartum depression: Indicator displays “Always” or “Often” responses in Questions 69 or 70 (on feeling down, little interest/pleasure, etc.).
• Postpartum anxiety: Indicator displays “Always” or “Often” responses in Questions 48 or 49 (on feeling nervous, anxious, or inability to stop worrying).
• Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs): Indicator displays “Yes” responses to any of the items in Question 86. Responses are grouped as: 1 ACE (one "yes" response), 2 ACEs (two "yes" responses), 3+ ACEs (three or more "yes" responses).
• Ever treated unfairly due to race, ethnicity, or skin color
  Indicator displays “Yes” responses to any of the items in Question 81 (situations in which the respondent has been treated unfairly because of race, ethnicity, or skin color).

Ethnicity and Race: Only two ethnic classes are recognized in the data, Hispanic and Non-Hispanic, where the term Hispanic refers to persons who can trace their ancestry in some degree to the peoples of the Iberian Peninsula and the nations of Portugal and Spain. The term Latino is also used for Hispanic. Thus, a Hispanic person may be of any race. Presented race categories are based on the race methods and categories set forth by the U.S. Census Populations with Single Race Categories.

Other: Data are produced and processed from sources believed to be reliable and accurate at that point of time. No warranty expressed or implied is made regarding accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of any information. Additionally, not all data elements are reported at the source. Please see Virginia Code §32.1 for information on data mandated to be conveyed by the patient and/or facility. This disclaimer applies to both isolated and aggregate uses of the data. Unknown/Unreported variables are not displayed, but are included in the overall counts. Counts lower than 20 and their associated rates should be interpreted with caution.